Over the past week, the U.S. economy has shown signs of stability, though some slowing is evident. The July jobs report revealed only 187,000 new jobs, falling short of forecasts, while the unemployment rate held steady at 3.5%. This stability might lead the Federal Reserve to reconsider further interest rate hikes, which could exert pressure on emerging markets that rely on USD-denominated debt.

European stock markets had a relatively stable week, with the Stoxx 600 index edging up by 0.5%. However, high inflation and political instability remain significant risks. The Bank of England may need to raise interest rates to control inflation, which could negatively impact investment flows into the stock market in the short term.

Asian stock markets saw a slight recovery, with Japan’s Nikkei 225 rising 1.1% and Hong Kong’s Hang Seng increasing by 0.8%. Economic stimulus packages from China are helping markets recover, though concerns about the slowdown in China’s economy remain a significant issue.

The past week saw continued stability and attractiveness in the Vietnamese financial market. The VN-Index has risen approximately 10% since the beginning of the year, with a projected earnings growth of 19% for 2024. Local retail investors dominate, accounting for 90% of daily trading volume, despite the withdrawal of foreign investors. On the macroeconomic front, Vietnam’s GDP is expected to grow between 6% and 6.5% in 2024. FDI inflows reached nearly $15.2 billion in the first half of 2024, a 13.1% increase compared to last year, significantly contributing to economic growth.

Emerging markets are facing challenges due to the strengthening USD and rising borrowing costs. However, some markets like India and Indonesia remain stable thanks to domestic economic policies and FDI inflows.

If the August CPI report shows a significant decrease in inflation: The Federal Reserve may decide to pause further interest rate hikes. This could lead to a rally in the stock market, particularly in growth-oriented sectors such as technology and consumer discretionary, which are sensitive to interest rates. Historically, a lower inflation rate has bolstered investor confidence, driving up equity prices. For instance, after the October 2022 CPI report showed a slower increase in inflation, the S&P 500 surged by 5.5% in a single day, its biggest jump in two years.

If inflation remains stubbornly high: The Fed may feel compelled to continue its aggressive monetary tightening, potentially raising rates by another 25 basis points. This could strengthen the USD further, making it more expensive for emerging markets to service USD-denominated debt. The strong dollar would also pressure U.S. exports by making American goods more expensive overseas, potentially leading to a slowdown in corporate earnings growth. In a scenario like this, sectors such as utilities and consumer staples, which are considered defensive, may perform better as investors seek safer havens.

If the ECB signals further rate hikes: European markets could see increased volatility. Higher rates would likely dampen economic growth prospects, particularly in highly leveraged economies like Italy and Spain, where debt servicing costs would rise. The European bond market might also experience a sell-off, leading to higher yields and making corporate borrowing more expensive. Conversely, the Euro could strengthen against the USD, slightly relieving pressure on inflation but potentially harming the region’s export competitiveness.

If the ECB pauses on rate hikes: We could see a short-term rally in European equities, particularly in interest rate-sensitive sectors like real estate and financials. However, this could also keep inflation expectations high, potentially leading to long-term economic instability if inflation remains unchecked. The ECB’s challenge is to balance inflation control with economic growth, a delicate task given the diverse economic conditions across member states.

If China releases strong economic data: Positive data, such as robust industrial production or retail sales, could bolster investor confidence across Asia, leading to a rally in regional markets. Chinese government stimulus measures, such as infrastructure spending or consumer subsidies, could have a spillover effect, benefiting economies closely linked to China through trade, such as South Korea and Australia.

If China’s economic data disappoints: Weak data could exacerbate fears of a prolonged economic slowdown, leading to a sell-off in Asian markets. Given China’s significant role in global supply chains, a slowdown could impact global manufacturing and trade. This could particularly hurt export-oriented economies like Japan and Taiwan, while also pushing down global commodity prices, affecting markets from Australia to Brazil.

If FDI inflows continue to grow: We could see sustained strength in the VN-Index, especially in sectors like real estate, industrials, and technology. Vietnam’s growing role in global manufacturing, as companies diversify away from China, supports a positive long-term outlook. If FDI inflows surpass expectations, this could lead to increased economic growth, potentially pushing GDP growth above the 6.5% mark for 2024.

If global conditions worsen (e.g., higher U.S. rates, a stronger USD): Vietnam could face challenges such as capital outflows and increased borrowing costs. This could pressure the Vietnamese dong and lead to higher inflation, which in turn might force the State Bank of Vietnam to tighten monetary policy. A tighter monetary environment could slow down growth in key sectors, particularly real estate and consumer spending, which are sensitive to interest rates.

If the USD continues to strengthen: Emerging markets might experience capital outflows as investors seek safety in U.S. assets. This could lead to currency depreciation and higher inflation in these economies, forcing central banks to hike rates, which could dampen economic growth. Countries with large external debts, such as Turkey and Argentina, could be particularly vulnerable to a strong USD.

If the USD stabilizes or weakens: Emerging markets could see a resurgence in capital inflows, benefiting from a more favorable exchange rate environment. This could lower inflationary pressures and give central banks more room to focus on growth rather than inflation control. Markets such as India and Brazil, with strong domestic growth stories, could particularly benefit from a stable or weaker USD.

If geopolitical tensions increase: Tensions such as the conflict in Ukraine or disputes in the South China Sea could lead to significant volatility in global financial markets. Specifically, energy prices could surge if oil supplies from Russia are disrupted or further sanctioned, potentially driving global inflation higher. In this scenario, safe-haven assets like gold and U.S. government bonds might see price increases, while riskier assets like stocks could face selling pressure.

If additional economic stimulus measures are introduced by major governments: For example, if China or the EU rolls out new fiscal stimulus packages, this could stimulate global economic growth. Industries like construction, materials, and technology would benefit from these policies, potentially driving global stock markets upward. Particularly, Asian and emerging markets with strong trade links to these major economies would benefit the most.

If oil prices continue to rise: Due to factors such as supply disruptions or OPEC+ decisions to cut production, this could further push global inflation higher, especially in oil-importing economies. Countries like India and Japan might face significant pressure, while oil-exporting nations like Russia and Saudi Arabia could benefit from higher oil prices.

If oil prices fall: This could ease inflationary pressures and create favorable conditions for central banks to maintain more accommodative monetary policies, supporting economic growth. Heavy industries and transportation would benefit from lower energy costs, boosting profits and fostering stock growth.

If central banks continue to raise interest rates aggressively: This could increase the pressure on global borrowing, particularly in emerging markets with large external debts. Companies reliant on low-interest debt would struggle to maintain profitability, and stock markets could face downward pressure. Particularly, sectors like real estate and non-essential consumer goods could be hit hardest.

If there are signals of monetary policy easing: For example, if the Fed or ECB lowers interest rates or signals an end to the rate hike cycle, global stock markets could see a strong recovery. Especially, emerging markets and Asia could benefit from the stability of the USD and lower borrowing costs.

If the USD continues to strengthen: Emerging market currencies might weaken further, leading to domestic inflation and challenges in maintaining balance of payments. This would force central banks to intervene more aggressively, possibly by raising interest rates, which could slow down economic growth.

If the USD weakens: Emerging markets would have the opportunity to improve their international payment situations and control inflation more easily. This could lead to international capital returning to these markets, boosting economic growth and stock markets.

The global financial markets are in a highly sensitive state, with outcomes heavily dependent on central bank actions and economic data releases. Vietnam and other emerging markets remain attractive, but the path forward is fraught with potential volatility. Investors should remain vigilant, balancing growth opportunities with the risks posed by global economic conditions.